What Happens to Donated Blood

Your blood journeys through many steps and tests that ensure our blood supply is as safe as possible and helps as many people as possible.

Step One

The Donation

You arrive for your blood donation appointment.
Health history and mini physical are completed.
For a whole blood donation, about 1 pint of blood is collected; several small test tubes of blood are also collected for testing.
Your donation, test tubes and your donor record are labeled with an identical bar code label.
Your donation is kept on ice before being taken to a Red Cross center for processing; the test tubes go to the lab.

Step Two

Processing

At our processing center, information about your donation is scanned into a computer database.
Most whole blood donations are spun in centrifuges to separate it into transfusable components: red cells, platelets, and plasma.
Plasma may be processed into components such as cryoprecipitate, which helps control the risk of bleeding by helping blood to clot.
Red cells and platelets are leuko-reduced, which means your white cells are removed in order to reduce the possibility of the recipient having a reaction to the transfusion.
Each component is packaged as a “unit,” a standardized amount that doctors will use when transfusing a patient.

Testing

In parallel with Step 2, your test tubes arrive at a testing laboratory.
A dozen tests are performed, to establish the blood type and test for infectious diseases. Learn More About Tests Performed.
Test results are transferred electronically to the processing center within 24 hours.
If a test result is positive, your donation will be discarded and you will be notified (our test results are confidential and are only shared with the donor, except as may be required by law).

Step Four

Storage

When test results are received, units suitable for transfusion are labeled and stored.
Red cells are stored in refrigerators at 6ºC for up to 42 days.
Platelets are stored at room temperature in agitators for up to five days.
Plasma and cryo are frozen and stored in freezers for up to one year.

Step Five

Distribution

Blood is available to be shipped to hospitals 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Hospitals typically keep some blood units on their shelves, but may call for more at any time, such as in case of large scale emergencies.

Step Six

Transfusion

An ill or injured patient arrives at a hospital or treatment center.
Physicians determine whether the patient requires a transfusion and, if so, which type.
Blood transfusions are given to patients in a wide range of circumstances, including serious injuries (such as in a car crash) surgeries, child birth, anemia, blood disorders, cancer treatments, and many others. See How Blood Donations Help.
A patient suffering from an iron deficiency or anemia may receive red blood cells to increase their hemoglobin and iron levels, improving the amount of oxygen in the body.
Patients who are unable to make enough platelets, due to illness or chemotherapy, may receive platelet transfusions to stay healthy.
Plasma transfusions are used for patients with liver failure, severe infections, and serious burns.